Autism

Autistic Spectrum Condition (ASC) is also referred to as Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

ASC/ASD can cause difficulties with:

  • Flexibility of thinking

  • Social communication

  • Social interaction

ASC/ASD is a developmental difficulty which can lead to social isolation. Early identification is critical. Support often includes ALP Schools, social communication strategies, and specialist interventions.

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ADHD

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects concentration and impulsivity.

There are three forms:

  • Inattentive ADHD

  • Impulsive ADHD

  • A combination of both

It is typically diagnosed between 6–12 years of age. ADHD qualifies as a special educational need due to the requirement for additional support.

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Asperger’s Syndrome

A form of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) without language or learning difficulties. Challenges include social communication and imagination.

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Behavioural Difficulties

This includes Emotional Behavioural Difficulties (EBD) or Social, Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties (SEBD).

Common Issues include:

  • Disruptive/anti-social behaviour

  • Aggression

  • Relationship difficulties

Support includes structured environments, small groups, and routine.

Resources:

http://www.sebda.org/sebd/

Dyscalculia

A specific learning difficulty affecting mathematical skills, often linked with dyslexia.

Symptoms in clude:

  1. Delayed counting strategies

  2. Difficulty memorising arithmetic rules

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Dyslexia

A learning difficulty impacting word understanding and language, linked with dyscalculia, dysgraphia, and ADHD.

Common features include:

  • Letter confusion (e.g., b/d)

  • Slow, hesitant reading

  • Poor organisation and memory

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Moderate Learning Difficulties

This affects all learning areas, often due to underlying conditions. Challenges include:

  • Skill acquisition

  • Social/communication deficits

  • Poor memory/attention

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OCD (Obsessive Compulsive Disorder)

A mental health condition linked to anxiety, characterised by obsessive thoughts and compulsive behaviours that disrupt learning

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PDA (Pathological Demand Avoidance)

A developmental disorder related to autism.

Key traits include:

  • Avoidance of demands

  • Manipulative behaviours

  • Anxiety-driven control-seeking

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Sensory Processing Disorder

A condition affecting sensory interpretation (sight, touch, movement). Support includes occupational therapy and adapted environments.

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Speech, Language and Communication Difficulties

This includes speech delays, autism, or Down’s syndrome. Challenges include:

  • Difficulties understanding or producing speech

  • Conversation Management

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Tourette’s Syndrome

A neurological condition causing involuntary tics. Support includes cognitive behavioural therapy and special educational provision.

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